Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSC)RSC performs interdisciplinary research and focuses on the contemporary challenges of Europe and European integration, and engages with the world of practicehttps://hdl.handle.net/1814/8112024-03-28T16:16:38Z2024-03-28T16:16:38ZOpen science and the impact of open access, open data, and FAIR publishing principles on data-driven academic research : towards ever more transparent, accessible, and reproducible academic output?UMBACH, Gabyhttps://hdl.handle.net/1814/767552024-03-28T02:02:35Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZOpen science and the impact of open access, open data, and FAIR publishing principles on data-driven academic research : towards ever more transparent, accessible, and reproducible academic output?
UMBACH, Gaby
Contemporary evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) and societies require openly accessible high-quality knowledge as input into transparent and accountable decision-making and informed societal action. Open Science1 supports this requirement. As both enablers and logical consequences of the paradigm of Open Science, the ideas of Open Access, Open Data, and FAIR publishing principles revolutionise how academic research needs to be conceptualised, conducted, disseminated, published, and used. This ‘academic openness quartet’ is especially relevant for the ways in which research data are created, annotated, curated, managed, shared, reproduced, (re-)used, and further developed in academia. Greater accessibility of scientific output and scholarly data also aims at increasing the transparency and reproducibility of research results and the quality of research itself. In the applied ‘academic openness quartet’ perspective, they also function as remedies for academic malaises, like missing replicability of results or secrecy around research data. Against this backdrop, the present article offers a conceptual discussion on the four academic openness paradigms, their meanings, interrelations, as well as potential benefits and challenges arising from their application in data-driven research.
Published: 15 March 2024
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZMoving forward together : what’s next for EU mobility and transport?MONTERO-PASCUAL, Juan J.PETROZZIELLO, Elodiehttps://hdl.handle.net/1814/767422024-03-27T02:02:16Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZMoving forward together : what’s next for EU mobility and transport?
MONTERO-PASCUAL, Juan J.; PETROZZIELLO, Elodie
On 21 February 2024 the European Commission Directorate General for Mobility and Transport in cooperation with the Florence School of Regulation hosted an academic conference to explore opportunities and challenges in mobility and transport policy in the next five years. This policy brief summarises the discussion at the conference. EU transport policy has traditionally focused on constructing the single European transport area: an interoperable, multimodal, competitive, efficient and socially fair network of networks ensuring connectivity for passengers and shippers. This historic project is still relevant as the single market has not been completed for transport and mobility, and this has proven to be a dynamic target that has evolved over time. There was a widely shared consensus on reinforcing a systemic approach to transport and mobility, transcending the mode-specific policies and even mere intermodality/multimodality. The role of system managers was identified as key to meeting old and new policy objectives in transport. Digitalisation empowers the system approach and the role of system managers thanks to tools such as digital twins. The green transition is the overarching challenge that has emerged in transport policy. Decarbonisation has been integrated in the historical single market project, but not without tensions. Decarbonisation policy sometimes conflicts with the increase in mobility due to the new options and lower prices caused by competition in the single market. Incentivising innovation and efficiency to reduce emissions are measures in line with traditional policy objectives. Modal shifts are becoming more challenging, primarily due to cost divergences and the impact on competitiveness of internalising external costs and alternative fuels. Measures curbing demand pose the ultimate challenge to traditional policies, with free movement as the ultimate rationale. While the construction of the single market and the green and digital transitions are still the main policy objectives, there are new challenges for EU mobility and transport policy, and the conference devoted time to understanding them. Tourism is a specific driver of transport that has often been neglected, even though it creates particular patterns that need to be recognised in mobility policy. Attention was devoted to the energy bottlenecks emerging as a result of decarbonisation. Energy is increasingly relevant in transport policy, underlining the need for a system approach in the green transition. Resilience is increasingly pertinent because of the shocks impacting society in general and transport in particular. Transport diplomacy has the ambition to reinforce resilience through the creation of parallel trade routes, and furthermore to cooperate with the Global South and, as an ultimate goal, to strengthen the attractiveness of the European model in a world with growing tension. This tension has demonstrated the need to consider the military angle in transport policy.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZThe crisis of culture : identity politics and the empire of normsROY, Olivierhttps://hdl.handle.net/1814/767412024-03-27T02:02:14Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZThe crisis of culture : identity politics and the empire of norms
ROY, Olivier
Are we confronting a new culture—global, online, individualistic? Or is our existing concept of culture in crisis, as explicit, normative systems replace implicit, social values? Olivier Roy’s new book explains today’s fractures via the extension of individual political and sexual freedoms from the 1960s. For Roy, twentieth-century youth culture disconnected traditional political protest from class, region or ethnicity, fashioning an identity premised on repudiation rather than inheritance of shared history or values. Having spread across generations under neoliberalism and the internet, youth culture is now individualised, ersatz. Without a shared culture, everything becomes an explicit code of how to speak and act, often online. Identities are now defined by socially fragmenting personal traits, creating affinity-based sub-cultures seeking safe spaces: universities for the left, gated communities and hard borders for the right. Increased left- and right-wing references to ‘identity’ fail to confront this deeper crisis of culture and community. Our only option, Roy argues, is to restore social bonds at the grassroots or citizenship level.
Published: 21 March 2024
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZLessons of Keynes’s 'Economic consequences' in a turbulent centuryCLAVIN, PatriciaCORSETTI, GiancarloOBSTFELD, MauriceTOOZE, Adamhttps://hdl.handle.net/1814/767402024-03-26T08:16:35Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZLessons of Keynes’s 'Economic consequences' in a turbulent century
CLAVIN, Patricia; CORSETTI, Giancarlo; OBSTFELD, Maurice; TOOZE, Adam
Just over a century old, John Maynard Keynes’s The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) remains a seminal document of the twentieth century. At the time, the book was a prescient analysis of political events to come. In the decades that followed, this still controversial text became an essential ingredient in the unfolding of history. In this essay, we review the arc of experience since 1919 from the perspective of Keynes’s influence and his changing understanding of economics, politics, and geopolitics. We identify how he, his ideas, and this text became key reference points during times of turbulence as actors sought to manage a range of shocks. Near the end of his life, Keynes would play a central role in planning the world economy’s reconstruction after World War II. We argue that the “global order” that evolved since then, marked by increasingly polarized societies, leaves the community of nations ill prepared to provide key global public goods or to counter critical collective threats.
Published online: 14 December 2023
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