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Public Television, Private Television and Citizens’ Political Knowledge
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1028-3625
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EUI RSCAS; 2009/66
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TÓKA, Gábor, POPESCU, Marina, Public Television, Private Television and Citizens’ Political Knowledge, EUI RSCAS, 2009/66 - https://hdl.handle.net/1814/13008
Abstract
This paper examines cross-national variance in the impact of public and commercial television on
citizens’ political knowledge level and whether and how that variance may be related to differences in
the content of public television broadcast. Multilevel models are used to link micro-level information
on citizen knowledge from the European Election Studies of 1999 and 2004 to macro-level
information about media systems and how public television operates in different contexts that we
compiled from a variety of information sources. We find that exposure to news programs on public
and private television channels are both positively associated with political knowledge after stringent
controls for possible shared determinants of news exposure and knowledge, but only among less
interested citizens. While exposure to news on public television appears to have, on average, a more
positive effect than exposure to news on private channels, the difference is not significant and varies
greatly across contexts. Public television seems more effective in informing citizens in countries
where public television is largely independent of commercial revenue and uses its public funding to
provide a particularly large amount of news and information programs for a politically very
heterogeneous audience. However, private television appears to have the advantage in countries
characterized by the opposite characteristics and relatively lower levels of press freedom. The
discussion relates our findings to debates about the virtues of public broadcasting.