| Issue Date | View | Title | Author(s) | Type of Publication | Series/Report no. | Abstract |
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2012
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Article
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[Loyola de Palacio Chair]
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View Abstract
For the EU-27 the accommodation of national diversity and conflicting preferences with regard to the pace and scope of the development of the EU energy policy remains a major problem. The resulting institutional paralysis, low reactivity to events and changes as well as systematic political horse-trading call for an alternative framework that allows some pioneering Member States to promote ad hoc common policies while escaping the formal and procedural requirements of EU law. The ‘Schengen agreement’ is a successful example of such differentiation. Following this example, this article argues that a 'Schengen-ing' of some areas of EU energy policy might move beyond the realm of theory. The possibility to move forwards by means of intergovernmental agreements between a number of Member States in certain areas of EU energy policy will be exemplified by two areas that are predestined for a Schengen successor: nuclear and gas security of supply policy.
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2012
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Article
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View Abstract
Lorsque l’on évoque la coopération bilatérale en matière de gouvernance migratoire, entre la Tunisie et la France, il est presque immédiat de penser à l’accord cadre relatif à la gestion concertée des migrations et au développement solidaire, signé en avril 2008. L’accord s’articule autour de « l'organisation de la migration légale fondée sur la mobilité […], la lutte contre l'immigration irrégulière [par la coopération renforcée en matière d’éloignement ou de réadmission des migrants tunisiens en situation irrégulière] et l'établissement d'une coopération visant à favoriser la mise en place d'un modèle de développement au bénéfice du pays d'origine ». Ce triple volet résume les intentions formulées dans ce type d’accord.
A quoi répond ce triple volet alliant le contrôle des flux migratoires, réguliers et irréguliers, à l’aide au développement ? Pour y répondre, il est important de souligner que l’on ne peut isoler la coopération bilatérale en matière de gouvernance migratoire d’un cadre plus large d’interactions entre les Etats, où s’entremêlent des intérêts stratégiques, voire plus vitaux, que la lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière. En d’autres termes, il faut non seulement aller au-delà du fait migratoire, mais aussi analyser les facteurs qui ont contribué à ce que la France développe ce type d’accords cadres avec certains pays du continent africain, dont la Tunisie, et comprendre, ensuite, les raisons pour lesquelles, et en fonction de quels intérêts stratégiques (escomptés et réels), la Tunisie a ratifié cet accord en 2009.
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2012
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Article
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[Florence School of Regulation]; [THINK]
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View Abstract
Achieving climate policy goals requires mobilizing public funds to bring still immature clean technologies to competitiveness and create new technological options. The format of direct public support must be tailored to the characteristics of technologies addressed. Based on the experience accumulated with innovation programs, we have identified those features of innovation that should directly condition the choice of direct support instruments. These include the funding gap between the cost of innovation activities and the amount of private funds leveraged; the ability of technologies targeted to compete for public funds in the market; the probability that these technologies fail to reach the market; and the type of entity best suited to conduct these activities.
Clean innovation features are matched to those of direct support instruments to provide recommendations on the use to be made of each type of instrument. Given the large financing gap of most clean energy innovation projects, public grants and contracts should finance a large part of clean pre-deployment innovation. However, public loans, equity investments, prizes and tax credits or rebates can successfully support certain innovation processes at a lower public cost. Principles derived are applied to identify the instrument best suited to a case example.
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2012
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Article
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View Abstract
The paper examines a New Keynesian model with product entry and exit and with two types of households. Households consume different product baskets, and therefore, face different inflation rates. The statistical bureau used in the model measures aggregate inflation, but observes product entry with a probabilistic delay. Consequently, measured inflation suffers from product replacement bias with respect to aggregate inflation. Measured inflation is less volatile but more persistent than aggregate inflation, and the correlation between aggregate inflation and aggregate output is lower than the correlation between measured inflation and measured output. When monetary policy responds to measured variables, it stabilizes aggregate inflation insufficiently. Nevertheless, under discretionary monetary policy, responding to measured variables improves welfare.
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2012
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Article
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[Loyola de Palacio]
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View Abstract
What is the European energy strategy for 2050? How different is it from the 2020 energy strategy? What are the technology options? What are the policy options? The European Commission provided a first answer to these questions in its Energy Roadmap 2050. This article gives an appraisal of that answer based on the recommendations we made during the preparation of the roadmap.
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