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| Issue Date | View | Title | Author(s) | Type of Publication | Series/Report no. | Abstract |
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2012
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Working Paper
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EUI RSCAS; 2012/18; [Loyola de Palacio Chair]; Climate Policy Research Unit
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View Abstract
The overlapping impact of the Emission Trading System (ETS) and renewable energy (RE) deployment targets creates a classic case of interaction effects. Whereas the price interaction is widely recognized and has been thoroughly discussed, the effect of an overlapping instrument on the abatement attributable to an instrument has gained little attention. This paper estimates the actual reduction in demand for European Union Allowances that has occurred due to RE deployment focusing on the German electricity sector, for the five years 2006 through 2010. Based on a unit commitment model we estimate that CO2 emissions from the electricity sector are reduced by 33 to 57 Mtons, or 10% to 16% of what estimated emissions would have been without any RE policy. Furthermore, we find that the abatement attributable to RE injections is greater in the presence of an allowance price than otherwise. The same holds for the ETS effect in presence of RE injection. This interaction effect is consistently positive for the German electricity system, at least for these years, and on the order of 0.5% to 1.5% of emissions.
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2012
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Working Paper
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EUI RSCAS; 2012/20; Global Governance Programme-16
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View Abstract
Security (fear of immigration, Islamism and terrorism) has been the main factor in the European decision to launch a protracted and complex program of cooperation and development with the Arab Mediterranean countries. The main partners of the European Union countries were the Arab authoritarian regimes, seen as the best bulwark against the “Islamist threat”. Support for the development of a civil society that could in the long term creates the conditions for a transition towards democracy was mostly subcontracted to NGO’s or independent Foundations and restricted to technical issues. But the Arab Spring showed the failure of this policy: secularism is not a prerequisite for the rise of a democratic movement, islamist parties should be engaged and not shunned, and new patterns of migration (mobility instead of immigration) should be acknowledged.
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2012
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Working Paper
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EUI RSCAS; 2012/19; [Loyola de Palacio Chair]; Climate Policy Research Unit
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View Abstract
Empirical analysis on wind energy in Denmark is used to quantify the impact of the various support policies in place in the last decade and infer the carbon price that would lead to the same level of deployment under the hypothesis of revenue certainty equivalence. Probit analysis on monthly data is used to test the impact of electricity price and support policies on the observation of new turbine connections to the grid. The support level is the dominant factor while the impact of the past electricity price is limited. A feed-in tariff regime significantly brings in more wind energy than a fixed premium. No difference between the impacts of a variable and a fixed premium is found. The probability of new connections as a function of the support level and the policy type is used to give an indication of the carbon price level that would support similar renewable deployment.
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2012
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Working Paper
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EUI RSCAS; 2012/17; Global Governance Programme-15
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View Abstract
Human rights problems and issues have become global, but human rights law has continued to focus primarily or exclusively on the domestic or territorial State. Given the multiplicity of State and non-state actors with varying degrees of power and importance, human rights law needs to be adapted, so that new duty-bearers such as foreign States, transnational corporations and international organisations can be integrated into the human rights legal regime. Over the last decade, efforts have been made to elaborate principles or frameworks that define the human rights obligations of different types of other duty-bearers than the domestic or territorial State. In this paper, we are concerned with what can be learnt from these norm-setting efforts conceptually.
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2012
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Working Paper
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EUI RSCAS; 2012/16; Global Governance Programme-14
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View Abstract
The intensity of Globalisation has put under pressure the link between legal obligation and state institutions, which up to recently had been assumed to enjoy the status of an analytic truth. That said, there exists little agreement on how and to what extent the link has been broken, what can repair it, or whether reparation is possible, let alone desirable. Moving beyond the two dominant theories of political obligation, the political and the instrumental, the paper attempts to make a fresh start for reconstructing the content and scope of legal obligation in the global context. In doing so, it introduces a constraint which rests on a qualified notion of coercion, one that is capable of illustrating the grounding of obligations on the moral status of persons (Normative Conception of Coercion). Contrary to the political view it will be argued that state institutions are not necessarily included in the grounding of legal obligation. Contrary to instrumentalism, not all contexts of institutional interaction will be deemed otiose.
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