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Title:Kidnapping for ransom : gangs threaten civil peace in Sweidaالخطف للفدية: العصابات تهدّد السلم الأهلي في السويداء Author(s):AHMAD, NizarDate:2022Type:OtherSeries/Number:Policy Briefs; 2022/15; Middle East Directions (MED); Wartime and Post-Conflict in SyriaAbstract:In the Druze-majority governorate of Sweida, kidnap gangs have evolved from their first unorganised forms in 2012 to sophisticated criminal networks with highly clandestine activities and elaborate prison systems. While ...
Title:Water scarcity, mismanagement and pollution in Syria Author(s):DAHER, Joseph
Date:2022Type:Technical ReportSeries/Number:Middle East Directions (MED); 2022/10; Wartime and Post-Conflict in SyriaAbstract:This study examines the impacts of water scarcity and pollution on the agricultural sector and the population in Syria. It also explores the consequences of the destruction of and damage to water infrastructure caused by ...

Title:Dismantling networks of resistance and the reconfiguration of order in Southern Syria Author(s):AL-JABASSINI, Abdullah
Date:2021Type:OtherSeries/Number:Policy Briefs; 2021/44; Middle East Directions (MED); Wartime and Post-Conflict in SyriaAbstract:The 2021 Daraa al-Balad crisis and its outcomes have opened a new chapter in the history of southern Syria. The trajectory of the conflict, the terms of the final agreement and the ensuing proliferation of new ‘reconciliation’ ...

Title:Tribal ‘sulh’ and the politics of persuasion in volatile southern Syria Author(s):AL-JABASSINI, Abdullah
; EZZI, Mazen
Date:2021Type:Technical ReportSeries/Number:Middle East Directions (MED); 2021/04; Wartime and Post-Conflict in SyriaAbstract:Over the last few years, increasing political and criminal violence has dominated narratives emerging from Daraa and Sweida governorates in southern Syria. In their own localities, however, local notables have not been ...


Title:The remnants of the Islamic state in Syria : military action alone cannot defeat it Author(s):FAHMI, Georges
; BARESH, Manhal
; AL-OTHMAN, RashedDate:2021Type:OtherSeries/Number:Policy Briefs; 2021/15; Middle East Directions (MED); Wartime and Post-Conflict in SyriaAbstract:After five years of fierce battles, in March 2019 a military campaign succeeded in bringing down the Caliphate that Islamic State (IS) declared in 2014 with the liberation of the group’s last stronghold in eastern Syria ...


Title:The Baath party, local notables and coronavirus community response initiatives in southern Syria Author(s):AL-JABASSINI, Abdullah
Date:2020Type:Technical ReportSeries/Number:Middle East Directions (MED); Wartime and Post-conflict in Syria; 2020/08Abstract:In March 2020, the Syrian Ministry of Health and the administration of Daraa’s National Hospital refuted rumours of cases of Covid-19 and asserted that Daraa governorate was free of the virus. Although the rumours stemmed ...

Title:State institutions and regime networks as service providers in Syria Author(s):DAHER, Joseph
Date:2020Type:Technical ReportSeries/Number:Middle East Directions (MED); 2020/10Abstract:The significant level of physical and economic destruction in Syria has impacted the capacity of the state and its institutions to deliver services, which is much lower than prior to 2011. The Syrian government currently ...

Title:The role of philanthropy in the Syrian war : regime-sponsored NGOs and armed group charities Author(s):ALDASSOUKY, Ayman; HATAHET, SinanDate:2020Type:Technical ReportSeries/Number:Middle East Directions (MED); Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria; 2020/09Abstract:Being exhausted by war and suffering from substantial economic losses, the Syrian state’s capacity to provide the people with social welfare has considerably diminished during the conflict. To compensate for these needs, ...
Title:Syrian people’s council elections 2020 : the regime’s social base contracts Author(s):AWAD, Ziad; FAVIER, Agnes
Date:2020Type:Technical ReportSeries/Number:Middle East Directions (MED); 2020/13Abstract:In Syria’s context of political authoritarianism, analysis of the People’s Council elections remains crucial to understand how the Syrian regime is reshaping its social base in each of the 15 electoral districts that ...

Title:Elections in wartime : the Syrian people’s council (2016-2020) Author(s):AWAD, Ziad; FAVIER, Agnes
Date:2020Type:Technical ReportSeries/Number:Middle East Directions (MED); Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria; 2020/07Abstract:The composition of the Syrian People’s Council elected in April 2016 reveals how the regime attempted to renew its social base, which is assumed to have shrunk during the first years of the conflict. On the basis of data ...
