Investor citizenship
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Marisol GARCÍA CABEZA and Thomas FAIST (eds), Encyclopedia of citizenship studies, Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024, Elgar Encyclopedias in the social sciences series, pp. 405–409
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DZANKIC, Jelena, Investor citizenship, in Marisol GARCÍA CABEZA and Thomas FAIST (eds), Encyclopedia of citizenship studies, Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024, Elgar Encyclopedias in the social sciences series, pp. 405–409 - https://hdl.handle.net/1814/77320
Abstract
Investor citizenship is an umbrella term denoting policies that enable individuals to obtain the passport of a country through investment. While it may entail a full or partial waiver or substantive naturalisation conditions, including residency periods, language knowledge, integration and civic tests and subsistence, investor citizenship is commonly accompanied by naturalisation requirements attesting to individual character, such as due diligence and allegiance oath. States may grant investor citizenship through three primary mechanisms: (1) discretionary naturalisation on the grounds of national interest; (2) detailed (or pure) investor citizenship programmes; and (3) residence by investment programmes. These three mechanisms for the grant of investor citizenship are not mutually exclusive; that is, either two or even all three may simultaneously exist in a country. This chapter takes a closer look at the investor citizenship market, details the controversies surrounding the citizenship market and explores the future of the citizenship market.
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Published online: 28 April 2024