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La migration circulaire des Sénégalais
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[Migration Policy Centre]; [CARIM-South]; CARIM Analytic and Synthetic Notes; 2011/62; Circular Migration Series
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FLAHAUX, Marie-Laurence, MEZGER, Cora, SAKHO, Papa, La migration circulaire des Sénégalais, [Migration Policy Centre], [CARIM-South], CARIM Analytic and Synthetic Notes, 2011/62, Circular Migration Series - https://hdl.handle.net/1814/18236
Abstract
La migration circulaire est devenue un thème de discussion important au Sénégal depuis la signature d’accords de partenariat avec les pays de l’Union européenne pour une gestion concertée des migrations. Cependant, elle fait l’objet de peu de recherches au Sénégal. L’analyse suivante repose sur les données de l’enquête ménage du projet MAFE (Migration entre l’AFrique Europe) réalisée en 2008, qui a pour but d’étudier les mouvements migratoires dans toute leur complexité. Les résultats révèlent qu’un migrant sur quatre est rentré au Sénégal après cinq années passées à l’étranger. Les retours d’Afrique ont lieu plus rapidement que ceux des pays du Nord, et les jeunes ont tendance à moins rentrer lorsqu’ils ont migré vers le Nord. Parmi les migrants qui sont revenus au Sénégal, certains ont fait le choix de repartir vers l’étranger : 17 % des migrants qui ont effectué un premier retour résident à l’étranger au moment de l’enquête. Les nouveaux départs varient notamment selon la durée de la première migration et l’âge au moment du retour. Les migrants de retours présents au Sénégal en 2008 sont généralement plus instruits que ceux qui n’ont pas eu d’expérience migratoire et ils sont surreprésentés parmi les indépendants. En outre, la gestion de la migration circulaire et temporaire de travail au Sénégal, encore assez récente, est l’objet de nombreux dysfonctionnements. La discussion des résultats ouvre des pistes de réflexion sur le rôle des institutions compétentes dans ce domaine pour appréhender de façon plus adéquate le phénomène de circulation.
With the signing of partnership agreements with EU countries for a concerted management of migration flows, circular migration has become a major topic of discussion in Senegal. Despite this interest, little research exists on this topic in the Senegalese context. The following analysis uses data from the household survey conducted in the framework of the MAFE-Senegal project (Migration between Africa and Europe) in 2008. The main objective of this project is to study complex migratory movements, going beyond the first departure. The results indicate that one out of four migrants has returned to Senegal after five years abroad. Returns from African countries are more common and happen at a faster pace than those from developed countries ; moreover, young people are less likely to return if they had migrated to a country outside Africa. Among those who returned to Senegal, some decide to migrate again : 17 per cent of migrants who made a first return live abroad at the time of the survey. The occurrence of new departures varies, depending in particular on the duration of the first migration and age at the time of the first return. Return migrants living in Senegal in 2008 are generally better educated and are overrepresented among the self-employed. Furthermore, the management of circular migration and temporary work in Senegal, institutionalized only recently, is prone to many problems. The survey results should help lay the groundwork for a deeper reflection on the role of institutions in charge, with the aim to respond more adequately to the phenomenon of circular migration.
With the signing of partnership agreements with EU countries for a concerted management of migration flows, circular migration has become a major topic of discussion in Senegal. Despite this interest, little research exists on this topic in the Senegalese context. The following analysis uses data from the household survey conducted in the framework of the MAFE-Senegal project (Migration between Africa and Europe) in 2008. The main objective of this project is to study complex migratory movements, going beyond the first departure. The results indicate that one out of four migrants has returned to Senegal after five years abroad. Returns from African countries are more common and happen at a faster pace than those from developed countries ; moreover, young people are less likely to return if they had migrated to a country outside Africa. Among those who returned to Senegal, some decide to migrate again : 17 per cent of migrants who made a first return live abroad at the time of the survey. The occurrence of new departures varies, depending in particular on the duration of the first migration and age at the time of the first return. Return migrants living in Senegal in 2008 are generally better educated and are overrepresented among the self-employed. Furthermore, the management of circular migration and temporary work in Senegal, institutionalized only recently, is prone to many problems. The survey results should help lay the groundwork for a deeper reflection on the role of institutions in charge, with the aim to respond more adequately to the phenomenon of circular migration.
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Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM)