Date: 2012
Type: Working Paper
Civil Society and the Paralyzed State: Mobilizing for democracy in East Germany
Working Paper, EUI SPS, COSMOS, 2012/06
RITTER, Daniel P., Civil Society and the Paralyzed State: Mobilizing for democracy in East Germany, EUI SPS, COSMOS, 2012/06 - https://hdl.handle.net/1814/26179
Retrieved from Cadmus, EUI Research Repository
Among cases of transition to democracy from below, the East German one constitutes a particularly challenging puzzle. Whereas social movements taking advantage of an oppositional space within a repressive context have preceded many transitions, the East German case shows little evidence of such large-scale prior opposition. Even when compared to other Eastern European transitions, East Germany is unique in that no major opposition group existed prior to the revolution. Still, civil society groups did play important roles in East Germany in the 1980s. Despite being unable to challenge the regime, they began to create the political space necessary for a protest culture to emerge. In fact, the development of civil society groups assumed an almost evolutionary character as religious groups gave way for peace and environmental movements that eventually transformed in turn into democratization initiatives. This report seeks to highlight some of the most important civil society tendencies present in the GDR and to situate them in the domestic and international contexts that made a mass-based push for democratization possible in the fall of 1989. Furthermore, the report argues that the relative lack of coherent civil society organizations makes the East German transition to democracy a pure example of democratization from below, as opposition elites had little impact on the progression of the revolution.
Cadmus permanent link: https://hdl.handle.net/1814/26179
External link: http://www.eui.eu/Projects/cosmos/Home.aspx
Series/Number: EUI SPS; COSMOS; 2012/06
Sponsorship and Funder information:
The research project 'Mobilizing for Democracy: Democratization Processes and the Mobilization of Civil Society' is funded by European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant. (Grant Agreeement no: 269136.)