Editorial

Abstract

In the novel "Vingt ans après" by Alexandre Dumas, the three Musquetaires come back to their affectionate readers 20 years after their first unforgettable adventures and show that their emblematic "One for all, all for one" is less true now: they are divided in their political standing between the Princes and cardinal Mazarin. Most European energy regulators are not yet 20 years old (and their association, the Council of European Energy Regulators is not yet 10) and they are under pressure from their governments to support nationalistic approaches rather than the European design of a single open market and free competition among producers within a clear frame of rules in the interest of consumers and of all citizens. Is it inevitable that their support of the European design should weaken and they should become just ordinary, national bureaucracies?