Date: 2016
Type: Thesis
Becoming president : a political biography of Jomo Kenyatta (1958-1969)
Florence : European University Institute, 2016, EUI, HEC, PhD Thesis
ANGELO, Anaïs, Becoming president : a political biography of Jomo Kenyatta (1958-1969), Florence : European University Institute, 2016, EUI, HEC, PhD Thesis - https://hdl.handle.net/1814/44166
Retrieved from Cadmus, EUI Research Repository
Presidential rule, closely related to personal rule, is a prominent feature of African studies. Nevertheless, the making of presidents has for a long time remained an untold story: few biographies or monographs have explored the political negotiations and imagination surrounding the making of presidential powers in postcolonial Africa. This dissertation reconstructs the political rise of Jomo Kenyatta, first president of Kenya, and the first decade of his presidential rule after independence. I show that the creation of the "father of the nation" was a contingent process, revealing that Kenyatta always lacked firm control over national politics. His major political asset was the popularity he owed to his unclear connection to the Mau Mau movement: he was simultaneously believed to be a leader and an opponent of the freedom fighters. As decolonization opened up an institutional vacuum, the burning issue of the decolonization of land institutions set a precedent for the creation of a centralized government, even before the debate over regionalism was settled during the independence negotiations. It set up Jomo Kenyatta as the most moderate politician to preserve British economic interests, and gave him substantial powers over land resources: upon independence, the Kenyan nationalist elite had to support the presidentialisation of the constitution to ensure its access to land. I argue that presidential rule is a postcolonial construction tailor-made to fit Kenyatta's charismatic persona, even before he achieved political prominence. After independence, Kenyatta had little choice but to remain a distant and discreet president, while employing repressive politics, whether against resilient Mau Mau fighters or political opponents. I show that the negotiations and construction of Kenyatta's presidential powers amounted neither to centralization, nor to regionalisation, but instead, institutionalized informal powers, weakening all state institutions: the party, the national assembly and even the provincial administration.
Additional information:
Defence date: 21 November 2016; Examining Board: Professor Dirk Moses, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor); Professor Daniel Branch, University of Warwick (External Advisor); Professor Federico Romero, European University Institute; Professor John Lonsdale, University of Cambridge
Cadmus permanent link: https://hdl.handle.net/1814/44166
Full-text via DOI: 10.2870/22369
Series/Number: EUI; HEC; PhD Thesis
Publisher: European University Institute
LC Subject Heading: Decolonization -- Kenya -- History -- 20th century
Published version: http://hdl.handle.net/1814/64824
Preceding version: http://hdl.handle.net/1814/38277
Version: Chapter 1 'Jomo Kenyatta’s political imagination' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as a chapter 'Virtues for all, state for no one?' in the book 'African thoughts on colonial and neo-colonial worlds : facets of an intellectual history of Africa' (2015)