dc.description.abstract | The starting point for this chapter is that the maintenance of high standards of fundamental rights and due process in competition cases, and in cartel cases in particular, may imply greater effort and costs on the part of competition authorities but they likely enhance, rather than diminish, the effectiveness of the laws they are charged to enforce. In the light of this observation, the chapter reviews a series of developments concerning judicial review, in the broadest sense, at the EU and national levels. Part I of this chapter is entitled ‘Judicial deference versus judicial interventionism’. Part II is entitled ‘Effective judicial protection: procedural guarantees’. These two parts of the chapter are mutually linked, as the implicit and explicit themes underlying each include the role of appellate courts, the constitutional balance between institutions, the relationship between individual and collective interests, and the rule of law. | en |