Managing variability, governing security : how do policies affect livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa drylands?

Abstract

In order to support their livelihoods, pastoralists must respond to shocks and stressors that stem from extreme weather, longer term climate change, market fluctuations, and conflicts. The policy domain represents an additional source of uncertainty for many, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, and is becoming increasing relevant. A paper from PASTRES examines the changing policy landscape for pastoralists in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the regions of the Sahel and Horn of Africa. Pastoral livestock production systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are mostly found in the vast dryland belt stretching from the Sahel to the Horn of Africa, where raising small ruminants, cattle, and camels provides one of the main supports of livelihoods. In 2010, the African Union estimated pastoralists in Africa at 268 million – generally living in isolated and remote areas, often close to borders and frontiers. Their culture, products, and services are key features of African drylands. However, despite the large populations it supports, its contribution to regional economics, and the sector’s socio-cultural importance, governments in the region generally overlook the relevance of pastoralism.