Children’s right to health in Africa : is religion a friend or a foe? : Zambia and Nigeria case studies

Abstract

This policy analysis addresses guardian’s refusal of consent to a child having a blood transfusion, which remains a critical issue in paediatric healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa due to anaemia caused by malaria, malnutrition and hereditary anomalies of red blood cells. Denying the necessary consent has potential or actual harmful effects on children’s right to health and can lead to fatalities. The paper focuses on the religious subjugation of children’s rights, particularly among Jehovah’s Witnesses, of which there is a significant population in Africa. Despite having ratified the African Children’s Charter and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Zambia and Nigeria, the case studies in this research, have not implemented sufficient measures and strategies to effectively protect children’s right to health. The brief argues that their legislation does not efficiently conform with international law on the protection of children’s right to health. It recommends increasing health sector funding, enhancing legislation and policies, and building nationwide awareness. The article highlights the roles of member states, the African Union, Jehovah’s Witness leaders, healthcare providers and children in advocating for medical alternatives, navigating complex situations and educating themselves about rights. The paper calls for a multidisciplinary approach to address the transnational challenge posed by the clash between children’s right to health and guardians’ freedom of religion in sub-Saharan Africa.