A just transition? : investigating the role of human rights in the transition towards net zero societies

Abstract

The transition towards net zero societies requires far-reaching changes that risk ignoring or exacerbating existing social inequalities and injustice. The term ‘just transition’ is commonly used to flag the justice implications of decarbonization and its societal impacts. The notion has moved beyond an initial focus on labourers, to encompass broader procedural, distributive, recognition and restorative justice questions. This article investigates the role of human rights in defining the parameters of a just transition. It explores how human rights can accelerate the transition and support greater fairness, but also how they might be perceived to work against climate action. It focuses on two key areas - the land sector and energy sector - to illustrate the complex justice tensions that arise. In doing so, it sheds new light on the role of human rights in addressing justice questions and ensuring that the transition towards net zero societies is inclusive, equitable, and just for all.