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dc.contributor.authorLANGER, Jurian
dc.date.accessioned2008-01-30T16:34:59Z
dc.date.available2008-01-30T16:34:59Z
dc.date.issued2007
dc.identifier.citationAlphen aan den Rijn : Kluwer Law International, 2007, International competition law series ; 30en
dc.identifier.isbn9789041125750
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1814/7914
dc.description.abstractDespite great strides in enforcement of the cartel prohibition of article 81 EC and major merger control reform, EC competition law still lacks clear standards for anti-competitive abuses under article 82 EC. In a masterful engagement with this issue, the thoughtful and original analysis in this book focuses on tying and bundling. Although these ubiquitous business practices are primarily addressed under article 82 EC as constituting abusive behavior, a wealth of economics literature emphasizes their strategic and efficiency motivations. However, there is a balance to be found, as this book ably demonstrates. In the course of the analysis, the author zeroes in on such central questions as the following: -- What tests are available to determine whether two products are distinct or not? -- Under which circumstances is anti-competitive leveraging feasible? -- Which efficiency motivations should be accepted? -- How does one valuate the possible efficiencies in the short run and the risk of leveraging effects in the long run? -- What factors should be considered when answering the separate product issue? -- What are the implications for the burden of proof under article 82 EC? -- Does the application of a more effects-based approach under article 82 also affect the dominance analysis? In his examination of the various responses to these probing questions, the author is able to formulate a very useful diagnosis of what factors determine whether a tied or bundled entity is likely to engender anti-competitive effects. The presentation is supported throughout by detailed reference to relevant legal-economic doctrine, laws, and judicial interpretation by European and U.S. courts, the European Commission, and antitrust agencies. In its development of effects-based tests for assessing tying and bundling practices, this important book will be of special value to policymakers and regulatory officials involved in enforcement of EC or Member State competition law. It will also be welcomed by academics in both law and economics as a truly cogent and workable approach to the solution of one of the most vital and intriguing debates in the antitrust field.
dc.description.tableofcontentsIntroduction, 1. The Challenges of Modernization 2. The Object and Scope of This Book 3. Outline of the Book Part I – General Aspects of Tying and Bundling Chapter 1 - The Economics of Tying and Bundling 1. Introduction 2. Categorisation of Tying and Bundling 3. Efficiency Motivations 4. Anti- Competitive Motivations 5. Special Topics in Relation to Tying and Bundling 6. What are the Legal Implications of the Economics Literature? 7. Conclusions Chapter 2 - The Leveraging Theory in General under US and EC Law 1. Introduction 2. The Connection between Dominance and Abuse 3. Comparing the US and EC Model 4. The Legal Position of the Multi-Market Requirement 5. Discussion of the Multi-Market Scenarios under EC Law 6. Conclusions Part II - Ex Post Regulation Chapter 3 – Tying and Bundling under US Antitrust Law 1. Introduction 2. A Trilogy of Antitrust Scrutiny 3. The Chequered History of Bundling Analysis 4. The Separate-Product Issue 5. Discussion of the Legal Standard for Tying and Bundling 6. Efficiencies due to Tying and Bundling 7. Conclusions Chapter 4 – Tying and Bundling under EC Law 1. A Dual System of Ex Post Rules 2. General Observations Regarding Tying and Bundling 3. A Critical-Historical Overview 4. The Separate-Product Issue 5. Legal-Economic Analysis of the Community Trilogy on Tying and Bundling 6. Choosing a Standard for Tying and Bundling 7. Conclusions Part III – Ex Ante Regulation Chapter 5 – Tying and Bundling under US and EC Merger Control 1. Introduction 2. An Outline of the US and EC Merger Rules 3. Tying and Bundling under US Law 4. The EC Approach Towards Tying and Bundling Concerns 5. Evaluation of the Theory of Leveraging Harm 6. Conclusions, Conclusions 1. Introductory Remarks 2. There are Convergences and Divergences between US and EC Law 3. Economics as a Useful tool for the Analysis of Tying and Bundling 4. A Structured Effects-Based Rule of Reason Test 5. A Preference for ex post Control 6. A Critical Examination of the Tying and Bundling Trilogy 7. The Commission’s Discussion Paper on Article 82, Bibliography, Table of cases, Index
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherKluwer Law Internationalen
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://hdl.handle.net/1814/4685en
dc.titleTying and bundling as a leveraging concern under EC competition lawen
dc.typeBooken
eui.subscribe.skiptrue
dc.description.versionPublished version of EUI PhD thesis, 2006en


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