| dc.description.tableofcontents | -- Table of Cases -- Table of Official Declarations, Resolutions, and Reports -- 1. Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An Identity-based, Balance-focused Approach -- 3. Features of the Balance between Religious, Cultural, and Humanist Influences -- 4. Proper Balance: Cultural Religion, Political Religion, and Individual Autonomy -- 5. The Chapters -- 2. Europe’s Religious Inheritance: Religion, Law, and Identity in Contemporary Europe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Legacy of Christianity and Secularization -- 3. The Post-secularization Role of Religion in Contemporary Europe -- 3.1 Europe as a Secular Exception -- 3.2 The Post-secularization Political and Legal Role of Religion -- 3.3 Religion and Identity -- 4. Religious Practice, Belief, and Infl uence in Europe: The Current Situation -- 4.1 Practice and Belief -- 4.2 Declining Infl uence over Law and Politics -- 4.3 Continuing Role in National Identity -- 4.4 Constitutional and Institutional Position -- 4.5 Service Provision: Religion and Education -- 5. Conclusion -- 3. Balance, Inheritance, and Religion as a Basis of Law in the Public Order of the European Union -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Religion as a Source of the Union Constitutional Values -- 3. Recognition of the Role of Religion in Law-making -- 4. The Pluralist Public Morality of EU Law -- 5. Limitations on Public Morality within EU Law -- 5.1 Consistency with a Common Ethical Template -- 5.2 The Importance of Balance -- ‘Fair Balance’ and the Autonomy and Equality of the Individual -- 5.4 Public Morality and Perspectives Contrary to Common European Norms -- 6. Conclusion -- 4. Religion as Identity and the Fundamental Rights Obligations of the EU 103 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rationales for Protecting Religious Freedom in -- Contemporary Europe -- 3. The Scope of Freedom of Religion in EU Law as Part of the EU’s Fundamental Rights Commitments -- 4. Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights --Relating to Religious Freedom -- 4.1 Article 9 -- 4.2 Individual Religion Freedom as a Private Right -- 4.3 Institutional Religious Freedom -- 4.4 Religion as Part of the State -- 5. Conclusion -- 5. The Regulation of Religion in the Single Market -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dual Approach to Religion in the Market -- 2.1 Religion as a Market Choice -- 2.2 Protection of Religion from the Market -- 2.3 Reconciliation of Religious Rights with Established -- Norms and Structures -- 3. Cultural Autonomy, Single Market Law, and Religion -- 3.1 Defi nition of Culture in EU Law -- 3.2 Culture as Discrimination between Religions -- 4. Conclusion -- 6. Competing Identities Limiting Religious Influence within the EU Legal Order -- Introduction -- 2. Enlargement and Religion in the Public Sphere -- 2.1 Enlargement, Conditionality, and Human Rights -- 2.2 Romania and Homosexuality -- 2.3 Turkey and Adultery -- 2.4 A Difference in Approach? -- 3. Migration, Integration, and the EU -- 3.1 The EU’s ‘Basic Principles on Integration’ -- 3.2 The Refugee, Long-Term Residents, and Family Reunifi cation Directives -- 4. Developments at Member State Level -- 4.1 The Netherlands -- 4.2 Germany -- 4.3 France -- 4.4 Other Member States -- 5. Conclusion -- 7. Conclusion -- 1. Religion and Humanism: The TwoPillars of the EU’s Public Order -- 2. The Effects of an Identity-based Approach to Religion -- 3. Competing Identities Limiting Religious Infl uence within the EU Legal Order -- 4. The Problems, Power, and Limits of Religion’s Cultural Role -- 5. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index | |
