Demoicratic theory : bridging positive, critical and normative approaches to European studies

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the main elements of demoicratic theory, its philosophical tenets and concrete policy implications. It argues that the demoicratic third way is more demanding politically and sociologically than the goal of a federal state, grappling as it does with the uneasy but indispensable entanglements between peoples, and not only states. The chapter is structured in four sections. The first and second succinctly situate demoicratic theory (1) as part of critical social theory both in positive/descriptive terms and in normative terms, (2) in relation to other theories of European integration, specifically liberal intergovernmentalism, as well as functionalism and constructivism. The third (3) addresses its critics while highlighting its fluid and contested nature. The fourth (4) reviews open questions, contentions and dilemmas regarding European demoicracy and highlights some key questions for future research. The chapter concludes by pointing to the challenges ahead.