Introducing emigration and diaspora policies in integration studies

Abstract

In this chapter we describe emigration and diaspora policies that have been developed and implemented in China, Ecuador, India, Iran, Morocco, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine. These policies are specifically tackled based on their potential impact on the integration of these countries’ nationals living abroad. With regard to emigration policies, two major and promising tools to foster integration are bilateral agreements and pre-departure trainings. Diaspora policies, on the other hand, include a large variety of integration dimensions and tools. Compared with emigration policies, their link with integration outcomes is not always straightforward. As a whole, the chapter finds that diaspora and emigration policies may be developed in different contexts and may not necessarily be exclusionary. They may instead coexist and sometimes contradict each other. The mix of emigration and diaspora policies may accordingly lead to very different integration opportunities for nationals living abroad.